越南和澳大利亚分别批准

《跨太平洋伙伴关系全面进展协定》

2018年11月15日,越南成为第7个批准CPTPP的国家。2018年10月31日，澳大利亚成为第6个批准《跨太平洋伙伴关系全面进展协定》（也被称为TPP-11）。

批准该协定的国家还有加拿大、日本、墨西哥、新西兰和新加坡，该协定将于2018年12月30日(澳大利亚批准后60天)生效。文莱、智利、马来西亚和秘鲁等签署国尚未批准CPTPP。

CPTPP是在美国退出TPP（跨太平洋伙伴关系协定）后的基础上搁置一些条款达成的。

对澳大利亚的贸易有何影响？

一旦批准加入CPTPP，将会影响到澳大利亚国民经济贸易和商业的重要领域。澳大利亚政府表示：“此协定将促进澳大利亚的贸易发展，到2030年，澳大利亚国民经济年均受益额将达到156亿美元”。缔约国政府应当减少贸易和外国投资壁垒。澳大利亚政府作出的政策改革包括取消了对CPTPP成员国127亿澳元出口产品的关税。随着私人外国投资审查委员会对外国直接投资审查门槛的降低，预计私人外国投资将会增加。

在各个国家地区之间，CPTPP旨在促进各缔约国之间的贸易和投资流动。它给澳大利亚企业的商业贸易带来了长足增长的契机，改善了供应链的利益，并为本国企业在其他缔约国的投资提供了一定的保护措施。

投资者与东道国之间的争端解决方案（ISDS）

CPTPP为缔约国投资者提供了诸如非征收、非歧视和最低待遇标准等投资保护措施。

投资者可就任何涉嫌违反这些保护措施的行为,有权根据投资者-东道国争议解决（ISDS）规定，提起国际仲裁。然而，TPP条款中被搁置的一条就是将ISDS扩展至投资合同或投资授权。

此外，新西兰还与5个签署CPTPP的国家签署了排除或限制ISDS的附件。

修订现行法律

澳大利亚已修订现行法律，以便澳大利亚能够履行CPTPP条约下的义务。这些修正案包括:

·  海关修正案（跨太平洋伙伴关系全面进展协定）2018法案第127条

· 海关关税修正案（跨太平洋伙伴关系全面进展协定）2018法案第128条

·  外资并购接管修正案（跨太平洋伙伴关系全面进展协定）2018法案

这一系列法律将对澳大利亚的关税体系进行改革，允许对被定义为跨太平洋伙伴关系(TPP)原产商品给予优惠待遇。在澳大利亚批准CPTPP之前，这些法律不会生效。

 【英文原文】

Australia ratifies the CPTPP

By Jo Delaney

On 31 October 2018, Australia was the 6th country to ratify the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP, also referred to as TPP-11).  Vietnam is the 7th nation to ratify the CPTPP on 15 November 2018.

Also ratified by Canada, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand and Singapore, the CPTPP will come into force on 30 December 2018 (60 days after Australia’s ratification). Other signatories yet to ratify the CPTPP are Brunei, Chile, Malaysia and Peru.

The CPTPP is based on the TPP (following the withdrawal of the United States of America) with the suspension of some provisions.

What does this mean for Australian business?

Once inforce, the CPTPP will impact key areas of trade and commerce across the Australian economy. The Australia government has stated that it “will help support Australian businesses to grow and see annual benefits of up to $15.6 billion to our national economy by 2030”. State parties are required to reduce barriers to trade and foreign investment.  Significant changes include the elimination of tariffs on AUD$12.7 billion of Australia’s dutiable exports to countries party to the CPTPP. Private foreign investment is projected to increase, as the FIRB threshold for private foreign investment is set to be lowered for signatories to the CPTPP.

Regionally, the CPTPP is designed to facilitate a flow of trade and investment between State parties. It provides Australian businesses with future growth opportunities, improved benefits in supply chains and certain investment protections for Australian businesses investing in the other State parties.

Investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS)

The CPTPP provides certain investment protections for investors of State parties, such as no expropriation, no discrimination and minimum standard of treatment.

Investors are given access to investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) such that claims may be brought in international arbitration for any alleged breaches of these protections.  However, one of the TPP provisions suspended is the extension of ISDS to investment contracts or investment authorisations.

In addition,New Zealand has signed side letters to exclude or limit ISDS with 5 signatories to the CPTPP.

Implementing legislation

Australia has amended existing legislation to assist with Australia fulfilling its obligations under the CPTPP when it comes into force. These amendments include:

· Customs Amendment (Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership Implementation) Act 2018 No. 127 (Cth)

·  Customs Tariff Amendment (Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership Implementation) Act 2018 No. 128 (Cth)

· Foreign Acquisitions and Takeovers Amendment (Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership Implementation) Regulations 2018 (Cth)

This particular suite of laws will implement changes to Australia’s tariff system to allow favourable treatment for goods defined as Trans-Pacific Partnership originating goods. These laws will not commence until the CPTPP comes into force for Australia.

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